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Specific surgical instruments used in a laparoscopic surgery include forceps, scissors, probes, dissectors, hooks, and retractors. Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. With this treatment, the patient experience spermatogenesis, and therefore, it has the chance to have offspring if he wants to. Although varicoceles are present in 15% of the male population, a varicocele is considered the most common correctable cause of infertility (30-35%) and the most common cause of secondary (acquired) infertility (75-85%). GIFT (gamete intrafallopian tube transfer) and ZIFT (zygote intrafallopian transfer).  Like IVF, these procedures involve retrieving an egg, combining it with sperm in a lab, and then transferring it back to your body.

The other cases are caused by a mixture of male and female problems or by unknown problems. Treatment of tubal obstruction generally requires referral for subspecialty care. It is an approach to disseminate the recommended medical care of infertile couple to the practicing clinicians. Causes include: Surgery: Pelvic surgery can sometimes cause scarring or damage to the fallopian tubes. There are many disorders that may impact the ability for a woman to ovulate normally.

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The majority of men with varicocele present no symptoms. In ZIFT, your doctor places the fertilized eggs -- at this stage called zygotes -- into your fallopian tubes within 24 hours.

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This difference is not merely conceptual since the studies carried out in order to understand the causes and the treatment given in both cases are totally different. Clark AM, Thornley B, Tomlinson L, Galletley C, Norman RJ. As they respond to hormones the same way as they would do in the uterus, that is by growing and shedding cyclically, endometriosis can cause both fallopian tube and ovarian scarring. Radiation therapy: This can impair sperm production. It causes a blood stasis that raises the temperature of the scrotum.

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Infertility rates have increased by 4% since the 1980s, mostly from problems with fecundity due to an increase in age.[72] Fertility problems affect one in seven couples in the UK. Ovulation-inducing drugs and ovarian cancer risk: results from an extended follow-up of a large United States infertility cohort. The likelihood of fertilization improves significantly for men with low sperm concentrations. Treatment of Female Infertility: Induction of Ovulation Ovulation induction involves the use of medication to stimulate development of one or more mature follicles in the ovaries of women who have anovulation and thus are infertile. Prolactin stimulates milk production during breastfeeding. Moderate ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is characterized by ovarian enlargement (5-12 cm in diameter) moderate ascites, nausea, vomiting, abdominal discomfort, and weight gain greater than 10 lb. Your doctor will determine if you are at risk of having endometriosis based on a careful history, physical exam, and ultrasound. Successful Pregnancy and Delivery after Calcium Ionophore Oocyte Activation in a Normozoospermic Patient with Previous Failed Fertilization after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 57 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2003. Fertilized eggs are then transferred several days later into the woman’s uterus, where implantation and embryo development will hopefully occur as in a normal pregnancy. Medicines and drugs  The side effects of some types of medicines and drugs can affect your fertility. The gonadotropins in these formulations are FSH, and in some cases, a combination of FSH and LH (luteinizing hormone). Vasectomy and its Microsurgical Reversal. (PDF, 17 MB) Urologic Clinics of North America, 1978. 7 million women reported impaired ability to get pregnant or carry a baby to term.