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Mental stress: Stress can be a factor, especially if it leads to reduced sexual activity. Intra-uterine insemination for male subfertility. The quality and quantity of eggs begin to decline by the early 30s and drop even further as a woman approaches the age of 40. Medications Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term anabolic steroid use, cancer medications (chemotherapy), certain antifungal medications, some ulcer drugs and certain other medications can impair sperm production and decrease male fertility. Couples who do not conceive after treatment for six cycles with documented ovulation should also consider referral to an infertility specialist. Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) may reveal enlarged seminal vesicles, but this is not universal.

Risk factors for the formation of antisperm antibodies in men include the breakdown of the blood‑testis barrier, trauma and surgery, orchitis, varicocele, infections, prostatitis, testicular cancer, failure of immunosuppression and unprotected receptive anal or oral sex with men.[23][24] Sexually transmitted infections[edit] Infections with the following sexually transmitted pathogens have a negative effect on fertility: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In GIFT, the sperm and eggs are mixed together before a doctor inserts them.

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Outlook For couples who experience fertility problems and those who wish to have children at an older age, there are more options available than ever before. Diverse Spermatogenic Defects in Humans Caused by Y Chromosome Deletions Encompassing a Novel RNA-binding Protein Gene. (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1996.

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Prior surgeries Certain surgeries may prevent you from having sperm in your ejaculate, including vasectomy, inguinal hernia repairs, scrotal or testicular surgeries, prostate surgeries, and large abdominal surgeries performed for testicular and rectal cancers, among others. The Relationship of Abnormal Semen Values to Pregnancy Outcome. (PDF, 770 KB) Chapter 10 from textbook, 1992. Epididymal Extravasation Following Vasectomy as a Cause for Failure of Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 22 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1979.

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These include: Infrequent menstrual periods: When a woman has regular menstrual periods, defined as regular cycles occurring every 21 to 35 days, this almost always indicates that she ovulates regularly. You take gonadotropins that trigger the development of more than one egg. If abundant good sperm are found in the testicle, there's likely a blockage somewhere. This abnormality is usually surgically corrected in infancy. In terms of deliveries per egg retrieval, GIFT has a higher success rate than IVF regardless of the woman’s age – approximately 28%. Vascular injuries can result in hemorrhage that may be life-threatening.