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Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1. 3) Insemination: Intrauterine insemination, also known as IUI, is a process by which sperm is washed and prepared for placement into the uterine cavity, therefore bypassing the cervix and bringing a higher concentration of motile sperm closer to the tubes and ovulated egg. For patients with a history of endometriosis, pelvic infections, or ectopic pregnancy, evaluation with hysteroscopy or laparoscopy is recommended. A smaller amount may suggest a structural or hormonal problem leading to deficient semen production; 2) sperm concentration – normal concentration should be at least 20 million sperm per 1 ml of semen.

Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery belong to the broader field of endoscopy. Duration of Fertility after Fresh and Frozen Ovary Transplantation. (PDF, 606 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2010. Such tissue growth and its surgical removal can cause scarring and prevent fertilization.  Uterine and cervical causes  Problems in the uterus or cervix may also affect fertility. Studies show that the IUI is most successful when it is coupled with fertility drugs to enhance ovulation, with success rates between 5% and 20% per cycle. Everyone was so helpful and here for all our questions, worries, etc.

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Absence of the main sperm pipeline known as the vas deferens. Symptoms depend on what is causing the infertility. Pregnancy with Sperm Aspiration from the Proximal Head of the Epididymis: A New Treatment for Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1988. The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998.

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Surgical Management of Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Chapter 12 from textbook, Male Infertility, 1992. Unfortunately, clinical examinations, ultrasounds and analyses rarely indicate the reason for the problem and, as such, medical or surgical treatment is infrequent. Results of one study investigating a cohort of 315 men revealed changes within the hinge region of SF-1 and no rare allelic variants in fertile control men.

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Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. One of the common causes of infertility is infrequent intercourse. Additionally, there is concern that the stress of a strict schedule for intercourse may lead to reduced frequency of intercourse. Prolactin inhibits the production of GnRH from the hypothalamus and LH and FSH from the pituitary. The medicalization of infertility has unwittingly led to a disregard for the emotional responses that couples experience, which include distress, loss of control, stigmatization, and a disruption in the developmental trajectory of adulthood.[16] Infertility may have psychological effects. 0 mm flexible plastic tube is inserted into the uterine cavity through the cervix and a small piece of endometrial tissue is sampled using suction. 0.[44] Environmental factors Toxins such as glues, volatile organic solvents or silicones, physical agents, chemical dusts, and pesticides.[45][46] Tobacco smokers are 60% more likely to be infertile than non-smokers.[47] German scientists have reported that a virus called adeno-associated virus might have a role in male infertility,[48] though it is otherwise not harmful.[49] Other diseases such as chlamydia, and gonorrhea can also cause infertility, due to internal scarring (fallopian tube obstruction).[50][51][52] Alimentary habits[53] Obesity: The obesity epidemic has recently become is a serious issue, particularly in industrialized nations. Algorithm for infertility evaluation. (ART = assisted reproductive technology.) Infertility Evaluation Figure 1. However, the presence of fibroids alone doesn’t necessarily cause infertility or predispose a woman to pregnancy loss. Electric or vibratory stimulation to achieve ejaculation: Ejaculation is achieved with electric or vibratory stimulation. Find an IVF Doctor  |  Free IVF Class  | Class Testimonials 5) Third party reproduction: This is a general reference to a general process where another person provides sperm or eggs, or where another woman acts as a gestational surrogate, with the purpose of helping another person or couple have a child.