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Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue.     To see the full article, log in or purchase access. History-taking Couples with infertility problem should be interviewed separately as well as together, to bring out important facts that one partner might not wish to disclose to the other. Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. Records of one of the primary fertility awareness signs—basal body temperature—can detect ovulation by identifying the shift in temperature which takes place after ovulation. Requirements for Female Fertility One of the requirements for female fertility is a functioning reproductive anatomy and physiology.

Factors that Contribute to Sterility There are many factors that contribute to sterility such as age, lifestyle, physical, and environmental conditions. An Azoospermic Man with a do novo Point Mutation in the Y-chromosome Gene USP9Y. (PDF, 381 KB) Nature Genetics, 1999. Microscopic Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 31 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1977. Diet: A lack of folic acid, iron, zinc, and vitamin B-12 can affect fertility. The physician or WHNP may also suggest using a conception cap cervical cap, which the patient uses at home by placing the sperm inside the cap and putting the conception device on the cervix, or intrauterine insemination (IUI), in which the doctor or WHNP introduces sperm into the uterus during ovulation, via a catheter.

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The embryo is then placed in the uterus to begin a pregnancy. Some women have bilateral tubal occlusion, which is when both tubes are blocked. In 10% of all cases, the cause is unknown: unexplained infertil Do you need help?  We can help you with a no-obligation Causes of infertility and sterility in women Diseases of the ovary and the uterus: Endometriosis is the reason behind many sterility issues.

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Mumps, leading to orchitis (testicular inflammation), may cause secondary testicular atrophy in the small number of men infected after puberty. Chromosomal defects Hereditary disorders, such as Klinefelter’s syndrome (when a male is born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome instead of one X and one Y) impacts the normal development of the male reproductive organs. Laparoscopy for Cryptorchidism. (PDF, 1 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1980. Low sperm mobility (motility): The sperm cannot "swim" as well as they should to reach the egg. WHO categorizes ovulatory disorders into three groups: group I is caused by hypothalamic pituitary failure (10%), group II results from dysfunction of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (85%), and group III is caused by ovarian failure (5%).

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ART techniques generally start with stimulating the ovaries to increase egg production. Females[edit] The following causes of infertility may only be found in females. Surgical sperm aspiration: The sperm is removed from part of the male reproductive tract, such as the vas deferens, testicle, or epididymis. There are three main types of sperm antibodies: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Immunoglobulin M(IgM). The main causes of tubal infertility are pelvic infections caused by bacteria such as chlamydia, previous abdominal disease or surgery and ectopic pregnancy. • Endometriosis is characterised by excessive growth of the lining of the uterus. Weight loss in obese infertile women results in improvement in reproductive outcome for all forms of fertility treatment. Human menopausal gonadotropin, or hMG (Repronex): This contains both FSH and LH. However, in our modern era, women are delaying child birth until their thirties and forties, which has lead to the discovery of the adverse effect of advanced maternal age on egg function. As soon as it reaches a specific size, the administration of beta-HCG takes place. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gn-RH) analogs: These can help women who ovulate too early—before the lead follicle is mature—during hmG treatment. Round Spermatid Injection. (PDF, 422 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2000. It's sometimes done while you're taking meds that help trigger the release of an egg. Out of this group, the following statistics on the cause of infertility generally apply: One-third of couples will discover fertility problems in only the man. In some cases, they may prevent a fertilised egg attaching itself to the womb, or they may block a fallopian tube.


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See also
Laparoscopy and Infertility
Infertility in Treatments
Infertility Tests in Ivf