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Other factors that can affect a woman's chances of conceiving include being overweight or underweight,[56] or her age as female fertility declines after the age of 30.[57] Sometimes it can be a combination of factors, and sometimes a clear cause is never established. Factors Affecting Fertility: Timing of Intercourse Intercourse prior to ovulation is key to maximizing the chance of pregnancy. Varicocele: Surgically removing a varicose vein in the scrotum may help. Similarly, there is no need for testing tubal patency for couples who will require IVF or ICSI procedure.

Infertility caused by DNA defects on the Y chromosome is passed on from father to son. As the amount of adipose tissue increases, there is more aromatase available to convert androgens, and serum estradiol levels increase. Some large breeds of dogs may not have their first estrus until they are ≥2 yr old, and some individuals and some breeds typically have only one estrous cycle each year. Androgen receptor dysfunction Because the androgen receptor is essential for the process of spermatogenesis, dysfunctions in this receptor can cause infertility.

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Risk factors for male infertility include obesity, age (over 40 -- yes, men also have biological clocks), current or previous infection of an STD, smoking, or excessive drinking. The Male-specific Region of the Human Y Chromsome is a Mosaic of Discrete Sequence Classes. (PDF, 754 KB) Nature, 2003.

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Malformation of the eggs themselves may complicate conception. Anabolic steroids: Popular with bodybuilders and athletes, long-term use can seriously reduce sperm count and mobility. An Azoospermic Man with a do novo Point Mutation in the Y-chromosome Gene USP9Y. (PDF, 381 KB) Nature Genetics, 1999.

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The eggs may never be released or they may only be released in some cycles. 17 Evaluation of male infertility starts with a history and physical examination focusing on previous fertility, pelvic or inguinal surgeries, systemic diseases, and exposures. It is increasingly recognized that egg quality is of critical importance and women of advanced maternal age have eggs of reduced capacity for normal and successful fertilization. Surgery or embolization for varicoceles in subfertile men. Perspectives on infertility consultations in primary care: a qualitative study. Thalassemia Patients with thalassemia have ineffective erythropoiesis and undergo multiple blood transfusions. Segmental dysplasia is defined as a vas deferens with at least 2 distinct sites of vasal obstruction. The sperm is washed in a fluid and the best specimens are selected. The predictable pregnancy rate for this group is about 5% after timed intercourse, 10% after superovulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI), and 15% to 25% after assisted reproduction techniques (ART) [41]. According to Ross, “anything that improves quality of health, like adequate sleep and nutrition,” should improve fertility. Infertility is caused by primary testicular failure, and most patients are azoospermic. A sperm analysis can be done to check a man's sperm count and the overall health of the sperm.Infertility is the inability of a person, animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.