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Hormone imbalances Infertility can result from disorders of the testicles themselves or an abnormality affecting other hormonal systems including the hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands. Epididymal Extravasation Following Vasectomy as a Cause for Failure of Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 22 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1979. They don’t have any reason to suspect they may have infertility until they start trying to conceive. Between 45 and 50 percent of cases are thought to stem from factors that affect the man.

Hormonal Problems A small percentage of male infertility is caused by hormonal problems.  The hypothalamus-pituitary endocrine system regulates the chain of hormonal events that enables testes to produce and effectively disseminate sperm.  Several things can go wrong with the hypothalamus-pituitary endocrine system: · The brain can fail to release gonadotrophic-releasing hormone (GnRH) properly.  GnRH stimulates   the hormonal pathway that causes testosterone synthesis and sperm production.  A disruption in   GnRH release leads to a lack of testosterone and a cessation in sperm production. · The pituitary can fail to produce enough lutenizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone   (FSH) to stimulate the testes and testosterone/sperm production.  LH and FSH are intermediates   in the hormonal pathway responsible for testosterone and sperm production. · The testes� Leydig cells may not produce testosterone in response to LH stimulation. · A male may produce other hormones and chemical compounds which interfere with the   sex-hormone balance. The embryo is then placed in the uterus to begin a pregnancy.

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Sertoli Cell only Revisited. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Reversal of Vasectomy and the Treatment of Male Infertility. (PDF, 4 MB) Journal of Andrology, 1980. Unlike female infertility (where irregular periods may hint at a problem), obvious symptoms are not common with male infertility. Blocked ovaries can start functioning again without a clear medical explanation.

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Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens: The Fertilizing Capacity of Human Epididymal Sperm. (PDF, 3 MB) New England Journal of Medicine, 1990. Although many of these can be treated through surgery or hormonal substitutions, some may be indefinite.[59] Infertility associated with viable, but immotile sperm may be caused by primary ciliary dyskinesia.

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There may be testicular malformations, hormone imbalance, or blockage of the man's duct system. Unfortunately, some men have to cope with the reality that nothing can be done about their infertility. Medications Testosterone replacement therapy, long-term anabolic steroid use, cancer medications (chemotherapy), certain antifungal medications, some ulcer drugs and certain other medications can impair sperm production and decrease male fertility. Ejaculation disorders: If the ejaculatory ducts are blocked, semen may be ejaculated into the bladder Hormonal imbalance: Hypogonadism, for example, can lead to a testosterone deficiency. The more fetuses there are, the higher the risk of premature labor. Apparently there are only 0,014% of them (this could be an explanation of why they were not discovered until now). Healthcare providers may also conduct a semen analysis to check the number, shape, and movement of sperm. Sperm are then collected, washed, and added to the eggs in the dish. Many health conditions can make it hard to get pregnant. ICSI with Epididymal and Testicular Sperm Retrieval. (PDF, 1 MB) Male Sterility and Motility Disorders: Etiological Factors and Treatment, 1998. They may go unnoticed until a man tries to have a baby. Charting of the menstrual cycle may be done by hand, or with the aid of various fertility monitors.