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41 Treatment of Unexplained Infertility Jump to section + Couples who have no identified cause of infertility should be counseled on timing of intercourse for the most fertile period (i.e., the six days preceding ovulation). Primary vs. secondary infertility[edit] Primary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months, during which they have not used any contraceptives.[14] The World Health Organisation also adds that 'women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility'.[15] Secondary infertility is defined as the absence of a live birth for women who desire a child and have been in a union for at least 12 months since their last live birth, during which they did not use any contraceptives.[15] Thus the distinguishing feature is whether or not the couple have ever had a pregnancy which led to a live birth. Some methods may be used in concert with other methods.

Treatment of Anovulatory Conditions Jump to section + Women with WHO group I ovulatory disorders should be counseled to achieve a normal body weight. 7) Endometriosis: Endometriosis is a condition whereby cells very similar to the ones lining the uterine cavity, or endometrium, are found outside the uterine cavity. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Cohlen BJ, Hughes E, Heineman MJ. An ultrasonography unit and an endocrine laboratory capable of performing daily determinations of E2, FSH, and LH are necessary. [186, 187, 188, 189] Multiple adverse effects and complications may occur during the use of the gonadotropins, including (1) multiple pregnancy (24-33%), (2) ectopic pregnancy (5-8%), (3) miscarriages (15-21%), (4) ovarian torsion and rupture, and (5) ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, which is the most severe. [190, 191] Whittemore et al, using a large combined data set derived from case-controlled studies in the United States, showed that the increase of ovarian cancer associated with infertility might be due to the use of fertility drugs. [192] Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is an iatrogenic condition that occurs in patients undergoing ovulation induction with hMG or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for assisted reproductive technologies. Our miscarriage clinic can help investigate these issues and attempt to help couples with any future pregnancy. Couples who do not conceive after treatment for six cycles with documented ovulation should also consider referral to an infertility specialist.

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Blockage of the ejaculatory duct: Sperm can be extracted directly from the testicles and injected into an egg in the laboratory. We now have 2 amazing children who are now 5 and 3 years old! Over the past three decades, huge advancements in fertility science have helped millions of couples to overcome their difficulties and have children of their own. The benefit – a physically relaxed intervention team can work concentrated on the main goals during the intervention. Undescended testicles During fetal development one or both testicles may fail to descend from the abdomen into the sac that normally contains the testicles.

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Pretesticular causes of infertility Pretesticular causes of infertility include congenital or acquired diseases of the hypothalamus, pituitary, or peripheral organs that alter the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Patients who do not ovulate because of a fault in the pituitary gland may receive this drug as an injection. Often, in vitro fertilization (IVF) can reveal abnormalities in egg quality, sperm function, or embryo development that would not have been determined from standard testing.

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Computer-aided semen analysis (CASA) Introduced in the late 1980s, CASA uses a video camera and computer to visualize and analyze sperm concentration and movement. Therefore we recommend a fertility evaluation if a couple has been attempting pregnancy for 6 months or more when the woman is 35 years of age or older. In recent years, electronic tools have been developed to aid surgeons. If the correction is not done, it may be harder for the sperm to get to the female's cervix. Hypogonadism Hypogonadism is an abnormally low level of testosterone, the male sex hormone involved in making sperm. At the same time, the number of pregnancy losses and malformations in the foetus increase. Signs and Symptoms of Infertility Signs and symptoms of infertility are often related to other underlying conditions. Cystic fibrosis: This is a chronic disease that results in the creation of a sticky mucus. Of particular relevance amongst diseases affecting the testes are testicular infection or orchitis.