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Sertoli Cell only Revisited. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. These medicines are listed below: sulfasalazine – an anti-inflammatory medicine used to treat conditions such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis; sulfasalazine can decrease the number of sperm, but its effects are temporary and your sperm count should return to normal when you stop taking it anabolic steroids – are often used illegally to build muscle and improve athletic performance; long-term abuse of anabolic steroids can reduce sperm count and sperm mobility chemotherapy – medicines used in chemotherapy can sometimes severely reduce sperm production herbal remedies – some herbal remedies, such as root extracts of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, can affect the production of sperm or reduce the size of your testicles Illegal drugs, such as marijuana and cocaine, can also affect semen quality. Retrograde ejaculation: Sperm can be taken directly from the bladder and injected into an egg in the laboratory.

Females[edit] The following causes of infertility may only be found in females. Thus women whose pregnancy spontaneously miscarries, or whose pregnancy results in a still born child, without ever having had a live birth would present with primarily infertility. (Trends in prevalence4). Human chorionic gonadotropin (Ovidrel, Pregnyl): Used together with clomiphene, hMG, and FSH, this can stimulate the follicle to ovulate.

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Source : Preserving your fertility - University of Kansas Hospital PPT Presentation Summary : Preserving your fertility. Primary Lymphoma of Kidney. (PDF, 586 KB) The Journal of Urology, 1973. Any condition that interferes with these events may result in infertility. Just before those eggs would otherwise be ovulated, they are retrieved under mild anesthesia in an operating room. The testes are at risk for both thermal and physical trauma because of their exposed position.

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Endometriosis is usually more common in women in their mid-twenties and older, especially when postponed childbirth has taken place.[55] Another major cause of infertility in women may be the inability to ovulate. The use of Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: The Genetic Implications for Male Infertility. (PDF, 8 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. Lack of pregnancy Lack of pregnancy can be related to disruption of the cervical mucus, inadequate follicular development, presence of luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome, progesterone deficiency, and premature administration of hCG to trigger ovulation. Grading is as follows: Grade 0 – No movement Grade 1 – Sluggish movement Grade 2 – Slow movement in a poorly defined direction Grade 3 – Slow or curved forward movement Grade 4 – Fast movement straight forward  Patients with abnormal sperm motility should be evaluated for the following: Pyospermia Antisperm antibodies Varicocele Sperm ultrastructural abnormalities Partial ductal obstruction Sperm morphology The head, acrosome, mid piece, and tail of individual spermatozoa are analyzed with phase-contrast microscopy after fixation with Papanicolaou stain. They can also carry out some basic tests on both partners to see if there is an identifiable reason for not having achieved a pregnancy. If the tubes are blocked, the sperm cannot travel into and out of the penis making it impossible for the sperm to ever meet with and fertilize an egg.

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Both infertility and subfertility are defined as the inability to conceive after a certain period of time (the length of which vary), so often the two terms overlap. As the duration of treatment prolonged, psychological suffering is likely to increase [6]. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF, can offer hope to many couples where treatment is available, although barriers exist in terms of medical coverage and affordability. Recovery of Spermatogenesis after Testicle Autotransplantation in an Adult Male. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1982. Surgery for epididymal blockage: A blocked epididymis can be surgically repaired. Fertility Evaluation: General and Sexual History A detailed history includes: General history  This includes occupation and background, use of tobacco, alcohol and drugs, earlier diseases, history of abdominal surgery and earlier infections. 38,39 Family physicians may choose to attempt ovulation induction in anovulatory women (WHO group II) with clomiphene. FSH has a lower plasma concentration and longer half-life than LH, and it has less obvious pulsatile changes. We partner with third party advertisers, who may use tracking technologies to collect information about your activity on sites and applications across devices, both on our sites and across the Internet.