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The four types of third party reproduction are 1) sperm donation – a process by which donated sperm is used for insemination in the uterus, or for fertilization of eggs in the IVF process; 2) egg or ovum donation – a process by which an egg donor undergoes an IVF cycle in order to obtain her eggs which are then donated and fertilized. Hysterosalpingography: Fluid is injected into the woman's uterus and X-rays are taken to determine whether the fluid travels properly out of the uterus and into the fallopian tubes. 44 Therefore, a simple recommendation is for vaginal intercourse every two to three days to optimize the chance of pregnancy. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress! DEFINITION OF TERMS Source : Endometriosis & infertility PPT Presentation Summary : Fertility Issues. You always have the choice to experience our sites without personalized advertising based on your web browsing activity by visiting the DAA’s Consumer Choice page, the NAI's website, and/or the EU online choices page, from each of your browsers or devices.

Men with Infertility Caused by AZFc Deletion can Produce Sons by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection, but are Likely to Transmit the Deletion and Infertility. (PDF, 102 KB) Human Reproduction, 1999. There are different studies, for both women and men.[69] Spermatogonial stem cells trasplant: it takes places in the seminiferous tubule.

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Coutifaris C, Myers ER, Guzick DS, et al.; NICHD National Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network. IVF and related techniques (ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. Normal Fertilization of Human Oocytes after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection.(PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1994. We generally recommend seeking the help of a reproductive endocrinologist if conception has not occurred within 12 months.

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Infertility is more likely in men who have had this condition. Image: “Bilateral multilocular cystic masses in a patient with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome in a spontaneous pregnancy with invasive mole” by openi. In vitro fertilization[edit] IVF is the most commonly used ART. Hormonal abnormalities can sometimes be treated with medicine or surgery.

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The average incidence of infertility is about 15%. Exercise: Both too much and too little exercise can lead to fertility problems. Metabolic causes of infertility, other than in severely ill individuals, are rare. Human chorionic gonadotropin (Ovidrel, Pregnyl): Used together with clomiphene, hMG, and FSH, this can stimulate the follicle to ovulate. A woman comes to your consultation-hour and you diagnose an ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. 3,4  Infertility may arise from male factors, female factors, or a combination of these (Table 15–8). Some methods may be used in concert with other methods. A Physical Map of the Human Y Chromosome. (PDF, 160 KB) Nature, 2001. Malformation of the eggs themselves may complicate conception.