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ARTICLES FROM THE 2010s Ovarian Function 6 Years after Cryopreservation and Transplantation of Whole Sheep Ovaries. (PDF, 496 KB)Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2010. In 10% of all cases, the cause is unknown: unexplained infertil Do you need help?  We can help you with a no-obligation Causes of infertility and sterility in women Diseases of the ovary and the uterus: Endometriosis is the reason behind many sterility issues. Uterine surgery: - Women with amenorrhoea who are found to have intrauterine adhesions should be offered hysteroscopic adhesiolysis because this is likely to restore menstruation and improve the chance of pregnancy.

Hystersalpingography (HSG): Further investigations 17. Investigation of suspected tubal and uterine abnormalities: 2. Factors effecting normal expectancy of conception.

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Surgical Management of Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Chapter 12 from textbook, Male Infertility, 1992. Two hormones signal to the testes to make sperm and testosterone: luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. IVF in action Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected into an egg to achieve fertilization during an IVF procedure. Twelve months is the lower reference limit for Time to Pregnancy (TTP) by the World Health Organization.[7] a woman over 35 has not conceived after six months of contraceptive-free sexual intercourse. Calcification of the Seminal Vesicles and Vas Deferens in a Uremic Patient. (PDF, 3 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1971. 18  If the semen analysis result is abnormal, further evaluation is indicated (Table 36–8,10,19,20).

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The Relationship of Abnormal Semen Parameters to Male Fertility. (PDF, 4 MB) Human Reproduction, 1989. Men should also avoid hot baths and whirlpools, he says, because the high temperatures slow down your sperm factory. Other medical techniques are e.g. tuboplasty, assisted hatching, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

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Women who have a body weight 10% to 15% below normal may have reduced fertility. The main causes of tubal infertility are pelvic infections caused by bacteria such as chlamydia, previous abdominal disease or surgery and ectopic pregnancy. • Endometriosis is characterised by excessive growth of the lining of the uterus. Egg donation. This can help you if you have ovaries that don't work right but you have a normal uterus. The normal working of the male reproductive system involves first the production of sufficient numbers of functional sperm cells and then the delivery of these sperm to the ejaculate. Small, firm testicles The testes house a man’s sperm, so testicle health is paramount to male fertility. Laparoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera at the end is inserted into the abdomen and pelvis, allowing a doctor to look at the fallopian tubes, uterus, and ovaries. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection is a process by which semen is washed and prepared for direct injection of one sperm into each egg collected during the IVF process. This is obviously extremely distressing for the couples involved. It has been suggested that infertility be classified as a form of disability.[22] Causes[edit] Immune infertility[edit] Antisperm antibodies (ASA) have been considered as infertility cause in around 10–30% of infertile couples.[23] In both men and women, ASA production are directed against surface antigens on sperm, which can interfere with sperm motility and transport through the female reproductive tract, inhibiting capacitation and acrosome reaction, impaired fertilization, influence on the implantation process, and impaired growth and development of the embryo. A subgroup of patients has PCOS with hyperinsulinism, hyperandrogenism associated with acanthosis nigricans, and resistance to CC. [205, 206] This group is amenable to metformin treatment. [207, 208] Metformin improves insulin sensitivity and decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and, therefore, reduces hyperinsulinism, basal and stimulated LH levels, and free testosterone concentration. Preconception lifestyle advice for people with subfertility. A laparoscopy can check the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and uterus for disease. The couple should make sure to have sex during the three days before ovulation. Diverse Spermatogenic Defects in Humans Caused by Y Chromosome Deletions Encompassing a Novel RNA-binding Protein Gene. (PDF, 7 MB) Nature Genetics, 1995. Controversy exists regarding whether to routinely repair an adolescent varicocele not associated with testicular atrophy. If a woman needs an HCG injection to activate ovulation and ultrasound scans show that too many follicles have developed, it is possible to withhold the HCG injection.