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As the major causes of infertility are sperm abnormalities, ovulation dysfunction, and fallopian tube obstruction, the preliminary adviced investigations for the infertile couple should be focused on semen analysis (to be compared with the WHO reference values [27]), detection of ovarian function by hormonal assay (early follicular FSH and LH levels, and mid-luteal progesterone), and evaluation of tubal patency by hysterosalpingography (HSG) [17-32], (Appendix 3). Careful monitoring during treatment and pregnancy can help reduce the risk of complications. If the fallopian tubes are beyond repair, bilateral salpingectomy with destruction of the cornual area is recommended in preparation for IVF. During emission, sperm are propelled forward by peristalsis.

Patients who do not achieve ovulation after three to six cycles should be referred to an infertility specialist for further treatment. It is more successful in women who have previously been pregnant.

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Theoretically, with this therapy, we can get artificial gamets in vitro. Cervical surgery can also sometimes cause scarring or shorten the neck of the womb (the cervix).

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If the sperm are of good quality and the mechanics of the woman's reproductive structures are good (patent fallopian tubes, no adhesions or scarring), a course of ovulation induction maybe used. Afterward, laparoscopy gained rapidly acceptance for non-gynecologic applications. Follicle-stimulating hormone (Gonal-F, Bravelle): This hormone is produced by the pituitary gland that controls estrogen production by the ovaries.

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Search dates: January 6, 2014; January 28, 2014; February 5, 2014; and November 18, 2014. Most couples (about 84%) who have regular sexual intercourse (that is, every two to three days) and who do not use contraception get pregnant within a year. A postoperative HSG should be performed 2 months later. This allows for the diagnosis and treatment of conditions such as endometriosis with one procedure. Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), ... It stimulates the ovaries to mature egg follicles. Diverse Spermatogenic Defects in Humans Caused by Y Chromosome Deletions Encompassing a Novel RNA-binding Protein Gene. (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1996. Some personal habits are considered risk factors for infertility, such as excess alcohol intake [11] and cigarette smoking [12]. Helping our patients develop a deep understanding of their fertility options will make the process smoother. Both infertility and subfertility are defined as the inability to conceive after a certain period of time (the length of which vary), so often the two terms overlap. Congenital Absence of the Vas Deferens: The Fertilizing Capacity of Human Epididymal Sperm. (PDF, 3 MB) New England Journal of Medicine, 1990. Infertility in women was ranked the 5th highest serious global disability5&6 (among populations under the age of 60).