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Varicoceles are generally asymptomatic, and most men with varicoceles do not have infertility or testicular atrophy. Its treatment depends on the etiologic factor, but, in many instances, the underlying cause remains unknown. Sperm can survive inside the female for up to 5 days, while an egg can be fertilized for up to 1 day after ovulation. The effects of age on fertility are moderate and do not begin to take an effect until the late 30s. Vasectomy. (PDF, 5 MB) From the Encyclopedia of Reproduction, 1999. However, medical treatment can be used to reduce the myoma size prior to removal.

0 This concept is a form of artificial insemination. Pregnancies after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection in Non-obstructive Azoospermia. (PDF, 3 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. 8-Mb Deletion in the Azoospermia Factor c Region. (PDF, 332 KB) Genomics, 2004. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection[edit] ICSI technique is used in case of poor semen quality, low sperm count or failed fertilization attempts during prior IVF cycles. Successful Pregnancy and Delivery after Calcium Ionophore Oocyte Activation in a Normozoospermic Patient with Previous Failed Fertilization after Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 57 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2003.

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Once a follicle containing an egg reaches a mature size, another hormone injection called HCG is often given to mimic the natural LH surge that occurs at the time of ovulation. If the sperm do not have the right shape, or they cannot travel rapidly and accurately towards the egg, conception may be difficult.

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Problems with ejaculation or ejaculate Having difficulty ejaculating or noticing changes in the ejaculate, such as a drop in volume, may also be a sign of an underlying issue related to a man's fertility. According to the literature survey, the most common causes of infertility are: male factor [5,7-9,13-15] such as sperm abnormalities [9,13,15], female factor [7-9,14-16] such as ovulation dysfunction [7,8] and tubal pathology [7-9], combined male and female factors [7,9,14,15] and unexplained infertility; where no obvious cause could be detected [7-9]. If this is unsuccessful, the dosage may be increased to 100 mg daily. However, hormones are not the main problem in 97% of infertile men. If a severe sperm defect is discovered, the testing on the female partner should be modified, and therapy can be immediately directed to the sperm problem.

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In this regard, keyhole surgery can be a disadvantage.[23] Risks[edit] Some of the risks are briefly described below: The most significant risks are from trocar injuries during insertion into the abdominal cavity, as the trocar is typically inserted blindly. If fimbriectomy was performed, no treatment is available other than IVF. Bhaskar Dutta/Photoshare Clinical definitions Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.”… (WHO-ICMART glossary1). “Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and a thin, flexible microscope with a light at the end, called a laparoscope, is inserted through it. Some respond by actively avoiding the issue altogether; middle-class men are the most likely to respond in this way.[21] In the United States some treatments for infertility, including diagnostic tests, surgery and therapy for depression, can qualify one for Family and Medical Leave Act leave. Paternal age > or = 40 years: an important risk factor for infertility. ART includes all fertility treatments in which both eggs and sperm are manipulated. Ovarian dysfunction, when a woman’s ovaries are not producing eggs, or egg production has diminished due to hormonal imbalance, age or other factors. Histologic endometrial dating is not considered reliable nor is it predictive of fertility. In cats, infectious causes of infertility include toxoplasmosis, feline leukemia virus infection, feline infectious peritonitis, and feline viral rhinotracheitis. The use of Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: The Genetic Implications for Male Infertility. (PDF, 8 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995.