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Infertility in women was ranked the 5th highest serious global disability5&6 (among populations under the age of 60). The identification of anovulation is not easy; contrary to what is commonly believed, women undergoing anovulation still have (more or less) regular periods. Sperm are then collected, washed, and added to the eggs in the dish. One type of ovulation problem, polycystic ovarian syndrome, is effectively treated with medications.

Negative tests with immotile sperm in the cervical mucus suggest rare immunological causes of sterility. The Three-kidney Rat Model. (PDF, 2 MB) Investigative Urology, 1974. The prevalence varies widely, being less in developed countries and more in developing countries where limited resources for investigation and treatment are available [2].

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Cryopreservation: Cryopreservation of semen, oocytes or embryos should be offered to anyone who may undergo treatment that may affect his/her fertility. (e.g.: chemotherapy for cancer). For cancer-related fertility preservation, do not apply the eligibility criteria used for conventional infertility treatment. Do not use a lower age limit for cryopreservation for fertility preservation in people diagnosed with cancer. FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells to facilitate sperm production, while LH stimulates testosterone release from the Leydig cells. It binds in a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which is essential in stimulating the ovary to grow and release an egg.

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Normal motility is defined as more than 60% of sperm having normal movement, and the WHO 2010 lower reference limit (5th percentile) is 40%. Vasectomy and its Microsurgical Reversal. (PDF, 17 MB) Urologic Clinics of North America, 1978. Three main events necessary for pregnancy to occur are: Ovulation: the process by which the mature egg is released from one of the woman’s ovaries. WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PRIMARY AND SECONDARY INFERTILITY?

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If a couple has never produced a pregnancy, it is defined as primary infertility. Female factor Dysfunction of the female reproductive organs is also apparent in around 40% of infertile couples. If the woman is aged over 35 years, the couple may wish to see a doctor earlier, because fertility testing can take time, and female fertility starts to drop when a woman is in her 30s. In humans, infertility is the inability to become pregnant after one year of intercourse without contraception involving a male and female partner.[2] There are many causes of infertility, including some that medical intervention can treat.[3] Estimates from 1997 suggest that worldwide about five percent of all heterosexual couples have an unresolved problem with infertility. Klinefelter�s Syndrome: Is a genetic condition in which each cell in the human body has an additional X chromosome--men with Klinefelter�s Syndrome have one Y and two X chromosomes.  Physical symptoms include peanut-sized testicles and enlarged breasts.  A chromosome analysis is used to confirm this analysis.  If this condition is treated in its early stages (with the drug hCG), sperm production may commence and/or improve.  However, Klinefelter�s Syndrome eventually causes all active testicular structures to atrophy.  Once testicular failure has occurred, improving fertility is impossible. Source : Preserving your fertility - University of Kansas Hospital PPT Presentation Summary : Preserving your fertility. Microcirugía y fertilición in vitro para la azoospermia obstructiva. (PDF, 5 MB) Chapter 14 from textbook, Avances en reproducción asistida, 1992. Vasectomy and Vasectomy Reversal. (PDF, 7 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1978. Sperm retrieval for azoospermia and intracytoplasmic sperm injection success rates – A personal overview. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Fertility, 2010.