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Reduced fecundability in women with prenatal exposure to cigarette smoking. Often, in vitro fertilization (IVF) can reveal abnormalities in egg quality, sperm function, or embryo development that would not have been determined from standard testing. 4) Uterine fibroids: Fibroids are very common (approximately 40% of women may have them) and the mere presence alone does not necessarily cause infertility.

Donor semen should be free from any STI-producing organisms, including HIV. Perfect Anatomical Reconstruction of Vas Deferens with a new Microscopic Surgical Technique. (PDF, 19 MB)Fertility and Sterility, 1977. A history of sexually transmitted infections could be another cause of infertility in either partner. Affected individuals displayed more severe forms of infertility such as azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia.[27] Other causes[edit] Factors that can cause male as well as female infertility are: DNA damage DNA damage reduces fertility in female ovocytes, as caused by smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as radiation or chemotherapy)[29] or accumulation of the oxidative DNA damage 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine[30] DNA damage reduces fertility in male sperm, as caused by oxidative DNA damage,[31] smoking,[28] other xenobiotic DNA damaging agents (such as drugs or chemotherapy)[32] or other DNA damaging agents including reactive oxygen species, fever or high testicular temperature.[33] The damaged DNA related to infertility manifests itself by the increased susceptibility to denaturation inducible by heat or acid [34] or by the presence of double-strand breaks that can be detected by the TUNEL assay.[35] General factors Diabetes mellitus,[36][37] thyroid disorders,[38] undiagnosed and untreated coeliac disease,[39][40][41][42] adrenal disease[43] Hypothalamic-pituitary factors Hyperprolactinemia Hypopituitarism The presence of anti-thyroid antibodies is associated with an increased risk of unexplained subfertility with an odds ratio of 1. Thankfully, even when the cause of infertility is not known, various fertility treatments can eventually lead to delivery of a healthy baby. The results of these tests help determine the best fertility treatment.

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Povey AC, Clyma JA, McNamee R, et al.; Participating Centres of Chaps-UK. The patient's electrolyte levels must be checked to consider the need for diuretics.

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Renal Transplantation Between Adults and Children. (PDF, 1 MB) Journal of the American Medical Association, 1974. If the E2 and FSH levels are in the normal range, clomiphene citrate is the drug of choice, as previously described. Without an erection, it is difficult for a man to release sperm inside the vagina—and, therefore, difficult to get a woman pregnant. Epididymal Surgery. (PDF, 8 MB) Chapter 8 from textbook, Infertility, 1992.

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Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- get put back into your uterus with a device called an intrauterine insemination catheter. Pregnancy after Vasovasostomy for Vasectomy Reversal: A Study of Factors Followed for 10 Years. (PDF, 3 MB)Human Reproduction, 1989. Compensatory and Obligatory Renal Growth in Rats. (PDF, 1 MB) American Journal of Physiology, 1974. Religious leaders' opinions on fertility treatments; for example, the Roman Catholic Church views infertility as a calling to adopt or to use natural treatments (medication, surgery, or cycle charting) and members must reject assisted reproductive technologies. 6) Surgery – After a thorough history, physical examination, and ultrasound are performed, your doctor may recommend surgery to correct and abnormality. About 85 percent of male-female couples will be able to get pregnant within 12 months of trying.