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Clinical Asst Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology. Previous sterilization treatment: In women who have chosen to have their fallopian tubes blocked, the process can be reversed, but the chances of becoming fertile again are not high. Programming of Ovarian Stimulation with Norethindrone Acetate in IVF/GIFT Cycles. (PDF, 2 MB) Human Reproduction, 1989. A variety of disorders ranging from hormonal disturbances to physical problems, to psychological problems can cause male infertility.  Although many treatment options are now available, in many cases treatment will not work.  In many instances, male infertility is caused by testicular damage resulting in an inability of the testicle to produce sperm.  Once damaged, the testicle will not usually regain its sperm-making capabilities; this aspect of male infertility is analogous to menopause (though not natural like menopause) for women and cannot usually be treated.  Despite medicine�s limited ability to treat male infertility, many successful treatment options are available for its many causes.  Besides testicular damage, the main causes of male infertility are low sperm production and poor sperm quality.   The Causes of Male Infertility Male infertility has many causes--from hormonal imbalances, to physical problems, to psychological and/or behavioral problems.  Moreover, fertility reflects a man�s �overall� health.  Men who live a healthy lifestyle are more likely to produce healthy sperm.  The following list highlights some lifestyle choices that negatively impact male fertility--it is not all-inclusive: · Smoking--significantly decreases both sperm count and sperm cell motility. · Prolonged use of marijuana and other recreational drugs. · Chronic alcohol abuse. · Anabolic steroid use--causes testicular shrinkage and infertility. · Overly intense exercise--produces high levels of adrenal steroid hormones which cause a    testosterone deficiency resulting in infertility. · Inadequate vitamin C and Zinc in the diet. · Tight underwear--increases scrotal temperature which results in decreased sperm production. · Exposure to environmental hazards and toxins such as pesticides, lead, paint, radiation, radioactive   substances, mercury,  benzene, boron, and heavy metals · Malnutrition and anemia. · Excessive stress! Regardless of the treatment approach, establish a 6- to 12-month interval during which a spontaneous pregnancy is expected to occur.

The predictable pregnancy rate for this group is about 5% after timed intercourse, 10% after superovulation with intrauterine insemination (IUI), and 15% to 25% after assisted reproduction techniques (ART) [41]. Group I: hypothalamic pituitary failure (hypothalamic amenorrhoea or hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism). Prior surgeries Certain surgeries may prevent you from having sperm in your ejaculate, including vasectomy, inguinal hernia repairs, scrotal or testicular surgeries, prostate surgeries, and large abdominal surgeries performed for testicular and rectal cancers, among others. Microsurgical Aspects of Varicocele. (PDF, 9 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1979.

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This combination of laboratory test results may indicate ovarian insufficiency or diminished ovarian reserve. It can also help if a man has severe erectile dysfunction. We recommend immediate evaluation for a couple attempting pregnancy when the woman has a prior history of pelvic infection. Testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by the action of 5-alpha reductase, both locally and in the periphery, and to estrogen in the periphery. Some surgeons perform these procedures completely laparoscopically, making the larger incision toward the end of the procedure for specimen removal, or, in the case of a colectomy, to also prepare the remaining healthy bowel to be reconnected (create an anastomosis). Factors Affecting Fertility (Continued) Various toxic agents, smoking and alcohol may contribute to fertility problems.

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Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 7 MB) Assisted Reproduction Reviews, 1996. Risk factors for both men and women are the same and these include age, stress, being underweight or overweight, diet, smoking, alcohol and drugs. Infertility service use in the United States: data from the National Survey of Family Growth, 1982–2010. They are very common (approximately 40% of women have them them). If fimbriectomy was performed, no treatment is available other than IVF. One of the requirements for this procedure is that a woman should have at least 1 undamaged fallopian tube.

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47 Motivational interviewing techniques for modifiable risk factors, such as obesity, tobacco, illicit drugs, and alcohol, can decrease the targeted risk factor. Ovulation occurs about two weeks before a woman’s next period starts. The volume provides clear guidelines and a logical sequence of steps which will quickly lead the clinician or physician to an accurate diagnosis of the underlying cause of infertility. Judaism and Reproductive Technology. (PDF, 2 MB) 2010. This abnormality is usually surgically corrected in infancy. A systematic review of tests predicting ovarian reserve and IVF outcome. 6,28 Additionally, postcoital testing of cervical mucus is no longer recommended because it does not affect clinical management or predict the inability to conceive. 8. Prescribed, over-the-counter and recreational drug use Occupation Tight underwear - There is an association between elevated scrotal temperature and reduced semen quality Complementary therapy: - No evidence supporting any. There is a consistent association of Mycoplasma genitalium infection and female reproductive tract syndromes.