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Additionally, the quality of her eggs also decreases increases the chance of chromosomal abnormalities. Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- get put back into your uterus with a device called an intrauterine insemination catheter.

This procedure is done by ultrasound guidance when the surgeon utilizes a narrow needle to retrieve eggs from the ovary through the vaginal wall. Patients with azoospermia should have a postejaculatory urine sample analyzed for sperm, should be evaluated for ejaculatory duct obstruction, and should undergo a hormonal evaluation. The enzyme aromatase is responsible for this conversion, and is found primarily in adipose tissue.

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Medical conditions Some medical conditions can affect fertility. IVF and other fertility treatments have resulted in an increase in multiple births, provoking ethical analysis because of the link between multiple pregnancies, premature birth, and a host of health problems. Unexplained infertility[edit] In the US, up to 20% of infertile couples have unexplained infertility.[61] In these cases abnormalities are likely to be present but not detected by current methods. In women whose ovulation is suppressed by hyperprolactinemia (high blood levels of the pituitary hormone prolactin), ovulation may be induced with prolactin-suppressing drugs. Expression of HBD1 is reduced in individuals with asthenozoospermia and leukocytospermia.

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Less than 50% motility may significantly affect the ability for sperm to fertilize the egg without therapy; and (4) morphology, or shape – there are three parts of the sperm that are analyzed for morphology: the head, midpeice, and tail. Outside pregnancy and lactation, women with high levels of prolactin may have irregular ovulation cycles and fertility problems. Clomiphene citrate for unexplained subfertility in women. For instance, women with hyper or hypo-thyroidism sometimes have ovulation problems.

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In-vitro fertilization (IVF): Sperm are placed with unfertilized eggs in a petri dish, where fertilization can take place. 6 The initial history should cover menstrual history, timing and frequency of intercourse, previous use of contraception, previous pregnancies and outcomes, pelvic infections, medication use, occupational exposures, substance abuse, alcohol intake, tobacco use, and previous surgery on reproductive organs. Common causes of infertility of females include: ovulation problems (e.g. polycystic ovarian syndrome, PCOS, the leading reason why women present to fertility clinics due to anovulatory infertility.[58]) tubal blockage pelvic inflammatory disease caused by infections like tuberculosis age-related factors uterine problems previous tubal ligation endometriosis advanced maternal age immune infertility Males[edit] The main cause of male infertility is low semen quality. This includes injuries to the testicles, epididymides, prostate, or the urethra. Veltman-Verhulst SM, Cohlen BJ, Hughes E, Heineman MJ. Diagnostic evaluation of the infertile female: a committee opinion. Celiac disease A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can cause male infertility.