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There are numerous conditions that can contribute to infertility in men and women. High environmental temperature and excessive conditioning resulting in increased body temperature can induce either temporary or permanent azoospermia. In women, both smoking and alcohol use are associated with lower rates of conception and increased rates of spontaneous abortion. Cryptorchidism An estimated 3% of full-term males are born with an undescended testicle, but fewer than 1% remain undescended by age 1 year.

Oocyte Vitrification – Women’s Emancipation Set in Stone. (PDF, 70 KB) Fertility and Sterility, 2008. Surgery for epididymal blockage: A blocked epididymis can be surgically repaired. Primary infertility is when a couple has not conceived after trying for at least 12 months without using birth control Secondary infertility is when they have previously conceived but are no longer able to.

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Records of one of the primary fertility awareness signs—basal body temperature—can detect ovulation by identifying the shift in temperature which takes place after ovulation. A Modern Approach to Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) Serono Symposia, Insights Into Infertility Newsletter, 1997. After one year of having unprotected sex, about 15 percent of couples are unable to get pregnant. 3) Tubal occlusion (blockage): As discussed previously, a history of sexually transmitted infections including chlamydia, gonorrhea, or pelvic inflammatory disease can predispose a woman to having blocked fallopian tubes. This is done for men with very low or no sperm in their semen. Various parameters are measured, such as ejaculate volume and sperm density, quality, motility, and morphology.

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If abundant good sperm are found in the testicle, there's likely a blockage somewhere. In cases when the quality of sperm is very poor, or sperm is completely absent in the ejaculate (azoospermia), donor’s sperm can be used (if culturally acceptable).

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Blood test: This can assess hormone levels and whether a woman is ovulating. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus stimulates the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary. 8,46 Obesity impairs fertility and the response to fertility treatments, including in vitro fertilization; therefore, it is advisable to counsel patients who are obese to lose weight before conception or infertility treatments. 8) Unexplained/other: Sometimes a full evaluation does not reveal the cause of infertility. Embryos transfer is performed in the office under abdominal ultrasound guidance using a small, soft, sterile and flexible catheter. However, some have suggested that patients should avoid conception for 6 months to 2 years after completion of radiation therapy because of the possibility of chromosomal aberrations in their sperm caused by the mutagenic properties of radiation therapy. No role for: Post-coital testing for cervical mucous. Endometrial Biopsy. Source : Infertility In Men And Women With Cf PPT Presentation Summary : Infertility in Men and Women with CF Julia Broaddus March 15, 2006 Infertility Inability to conceive after a year of trying 33% -33%-15% Female Infertility Source : Embryo cryopreservation (via ovulation induction) Oocyte cryopreservation. Partners may become more anxious to conceive, increasing sexual dysfunction.[17] Marital discord often develops, especially when they are under pressure to make medical decisions. Some causes, such as hyperprolactinemia, are reversible with proper treatment. Editorial: The Cure and Proliferation of Male Infertility. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1998. Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction. (PDF, 3 MB) The Journal of Urology, 1980.