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A karyotype test and a Y chromosome test for microdeletions are indicated in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia or severe oligospermia (< 5 million sperm/mL), although indications are expanding.[20] Klinefelter syndrome Klinefelter syndrome is the most common chromosomal cause of male infertility, estimated to be present in 1 per 500-1000 male births. M. genitalium infection is associated with increased risk of infertility.[25][26] Genetic[edit] A Robertsonian translocation in either partner may cause recurrent spontaneous abortions or complete infertility.[citation needed] Mutations to NR5A1 gene encoding Steroidogenic Factor-1 (SF-1) have been found in a small subset of men with non-obstructive male factor infertility where the cause is unknown. In men, cigarette smoking and alcohol use may cause poor sperm quality, and marijuana use can also be implicated in lower sperm motility and count. They don’t have any reason to suspect they may have infertility until they start trying to conceive. Meticulous hemostasis is imperative. [131, 132, 133] Operative laparoscopy was reintroduced into the surgical armamentarium in the 1950s; however, in the 1970s, Semm developed different procedures and operative instruments that currently allow for the outpatient laparoscopic surgical treatment of multiple tuboperitoneal pathologies, [91] electrocautery, endocoagulation, lasers, and ultrasonography scalpels facilitate the performance of operations that otherwise used to require a laparotomy. Normal Fertilization of Human Oocytes after Testicular Sperm Extraction and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection.(PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1994.

Infertility is more likely in men who have had this condition. Egg donation. This can help you if you have ovaries that don't work right but you have a normal uterus. The Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood Study Team. Many more couples, however, experience involuntary childlessness for at least one year: estimates range from 12% to 28%.[4] Male infertility is responsible for 20–30% of infertility cases, while 20–35% are due to female infertility, and 25–40% are due to combined problems in both parts.[2][5] In 10–20% of cases, no cause is found.[5] The most common cause of female infertility is ovulatory problems, which generally manifest themselves by sparse or absent menstrual periods.[6] Male infertility is most commonly due to deficiencies in the semen, and semen quality is used as a surrogate measure of male fecundity.[7] Women who are fertile experience a natural period of fertility before and during ovulation, and they are naturally infertile for the rest of the menstrual cycle. Medicines and drugs  The side effects of some types of medicines and drugs can affect your fertility. American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.

Below are Some More Resources on Infertility Breastfeeding Problems

Here are Some More Information on Infertility Breastfeeding Problems

Hypogonadotropic Hypopituitarism: Low pituitary gland output of LH and FSH.  This condition arrests sperm development and causes the progressive loss of germ cells from the testes and causes the seminiferous tubules and Leydig (testosterone producing) cells to deteriorate.  May be treated with the drug Serophene.  However, if all germ cells are destroyed before treatment commences, the male may be permanently infertile. Primary infertility refers to cases in which no pregnancy has gone satisfactorily full term. Happily, many couples treated for infertility are able to have babies. In other cases, the cause is suspected to be immunological or genetic; it may be that each partner is independently fertile but the couple cannot conceive together without assistance.

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ICSI with Epididymal and Testicular Sperm in Azoospermic Men. (PDF, 2 MB) From Treatment of Infertility: The New Frontiers, 1998. Surgical treatment Surgical treatment should be directed at destroying the disease using electrocoagulation, laser vaporization, endocoagulation, or excision. [84] Removal of endometriomas and lysis of adhesions complete the treatment. The dynamics of stress in fertile and infertile couples. Pregnancy After Testicular Transplant: Importance of Treating the Couple. (PDF, 5 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1980.

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Once a diagnosis has been made, you and your partner can consider the various treatment options. Most couples (about 84%) who have regular sexual intercourse (that is, every two to three days) and who do not use contraception get pregnant within a year. In addition to functioning as a conduit, the vas also has absorptive and secretory properties. IVF and related techniques (ICSI, ZIFT, GIFT) are called assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques. Furthermore, as aging occurs, egg quality, or the likelihood of an egg being genetically normal, decreases. Signs of Potential Infertility in Men Infertility symptoms in men can be vague. Irregular periods The average woman’s cycle is 28 days long. A review of systems and physical examination of the endocrine and gynecologic systems should be performed. Apparent Fertility of Human Spermatozoa from the Caput Epididymidis. (PDF, 4 MB) Journal of Andrology, 1989. The patency of the fallopian tubes can also be checked.