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44 Therefore, a simple recommendation is for vaginal intercourse every two to three days to optimize the chance of pregnancy. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): The ovaries function abnormally and ovulation may not occur. Surgical procedures for women If the fallopian tubes are blocked or scarred, surgical repair may make it easier for eggs to pass through.

1 Among couples 15 to 44 years of age, nearly 7 million have used infertility services at some point. In addition, loss of peripheral visual fields bilaterally may be due to compression of the optic chiasm by the growing pituitary tumor. Tests and trials are available, but testing does not always reveal a specific cause.

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They can include: Changes in hair growth Changes in sexual desire Pain, lump, or swelling in the testicles Problems with erections and ejaculation Small, firm testicles   When to See the Doctor If you are under 35 and have been trying to get pregnant without success for a year, see your doctor. Problems in the uterus or fallopian tubes can prevent the egg from traveling from the ovary to the uterus, or womb. The testicular-epididymal component includes sperm and comprises about 5% of the ejaculate volume. 43 Other low-cost methods of monitoring for ovulation, although less effective, include basal body temperature measurements and cervical mucus changes. The testicles will be checked for lumps or deformities, and the shape and structure of the penis will be examined for abnormalities. History-taking Couples with infertility problem should be interviewed separately as well as together, to bring out important facts that one partner might not wish to disclose to the other.

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Bhaskar Dutta/Photoshare Clinical definitions Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive system defined by the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular unprotected sexual intercourse.”… (WHO-ICMART glossary1). “Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve pregnancy in one year. Ovulation should be documented by serum progesterone level measurement at cycle day 21. Frequency of intercourse The couple may be advised to have sexual intercourse more often around the time of ovulation. As the major causes of infertility are sperm abnormalities, ovulation dysfunction, and fallopian tube obstruction, the preliminary adviced investigations for the infertile couple should be focused on semen analysis (to be compared with the WHO reference values [27]), detection of ovarian function by hormonal assay (early follicular FSH and LH levels, and mid-luteal progesterone), and evaluation of tubal patency by hysterosalpingography (HSG) [17-32], (Appendix 3). The cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein plays a role in mesonephric duct development during early fetal life, so these patients may also have urinary tract abnormalities.

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In cases of poor sperm quality, intrauterine insemination can be performed. Fimbrial phimosis and periadnexal disease can be treated with laparoscopy. [134, 135, 136, 137, 138] The pregnancy rate after salpingolysis is 50-60% during the first year after treatment. It involves removing eggs from the ovary of a donor who has taken fertility drugs. The quality of the cervical mucus can be improved with the administration of a small dose of estrogens, or the problem can be bypassed by intrauterine insemination. [163, 209] If the follicle is smaller than 23-24 mm at the time of ovulation, a better size can be obtained by starting the CC therapy on the menstrual cycle day 2. Many infertile couples have had some previous assessment for their infertility and this data should be cautiously reviewed. One of the common causes of infertility is infrequent intercourse. Several days later, embryos -- or fertilized eggs -- get put back into your uterus with a device called an intrauterine insemination catheter. A defect in any of these sperm structures may result in infertility that will not be detected by semen analysis.[60] Antisperm antibodies cause immune infertility.[23][24] Cystic fibrosis can lead to infertility in men. The Effect of Female Age and Ovarian Reserve on Pregnancy Rate in Male Infertility: Treatment of Azoospermia with Sperm Retrieval and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 66 KB) Human Reproduction, 1997.