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And about 15% of infertile men have normal semen and plenty of normal sperm. Pregnancy Caused by Sperm from Vasa Efferentia. (PDF, 1 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1988.

Evaluating the Infertile Male – Part 1. (PDF, 5 MB) Contemporary OB/GYN, 2004. Normal uterine implantation can therefore not occur.

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Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of infertility in both men and women, and it may undermine the effects of fertility treatment. Kidney Transplantation in Inbred Rats. (PDF, 6 MB) The American Journal of Surgery, 1973. To verify azoospermia, the semen should be centrifuged and evaluated under a light microscope for the presence of sperm. Causes of infertility include male factors, ovulatory dysfunction, uterine abnormalities, tubal obstruction, peritoneal factors, or cervical factors. United Kingdom[edit] In the UK, previous NICE guidelines defined infertility as failure to conceive after regular unprotected sexual intercourse for two years in the absence of known reproductive pathology.[11] Updated NICE guidelines do not include a specific definition, but recommend that "A woman of reproductive age who has not conceived after 1 year of unprotected vaginal sexual intercourse, in the absence of any known cause of infertility, should be offered further clinical assessment and investigation along with her partner, with earlier referral to a specialist if the woman is over 36 years of age."[12] Other definitions[edit] Researchers commonly base demographic studies on infertility prevalence on a five-year period.[13] Practical measurement problems, however, exist for any definition, because it is difficult to measure continuous exposure to the risk of pregnancy over a period of years. Further reading[edit] Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems.

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Eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa are also associated with extremely low BMI. Patients with adrenal hyperplasia and other disorders must be treated with prednisone. Reducing the risk of multiple pregnancies Injectable fertility drugs can sometimes result in multiple births, for example, twins or triplets.

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Operative hysteroscopy associated with tubal cannulation is helpful to treat cornual obstruction. Management of the infertile couple: an evidence-based protocol. In contrast, anovulation usually manifests itself as irregularity of menstrual periods, that is, unpredictable variability of intervals, duration, or bleeding. Ultrasound can detect uterine abnormalities such as fibroids and polyps, distal fallopian tube occlusion, and ovarian abnormalities including ovarian cysts. After injection of the sperm, the patient remains in the recumbent position for 10-15 minutes. After all, the necessity of reproduction is one of the few things on which both Darwin and the Bible agree. Urofollitropin (eg, Bravelle) contains 75 U of FSH. 37,38 The addition of 1,500 to 1,700 mg of metformin (Glucophage) daily may increase ovulation and pregnancy rates, but it does not significantly improve live birth rates over clomiphene alone. Thus one of the requirements is normal spermatogenesis – normal sperm count, motility and biologic structure and function. IVF and other fertility treatments have resulted in an increase in multiple births, provoking ethical analysis because of the link between multiple pregnancies, premature birth, and a host of health problems. Follicular puncture Embryo transfer Ovarian stimulation Postcoital test In-vitro cultivation 3.