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Treatment of the cause: 28. Tubal and uterine factors: 4. Evaluation may be initiated sooner in patients who have risk factors for infertility or if the female partner is older than 35 years. Submucosal fibroids are the type if fibroid that has clearly been demonstrated to reduce pregnancy rate, roughly by 50%, and removal of which will double pregnancy rate.

For a woman to conceive, certain things have to happen: vaginal intercourse must take place around the time when an egg is released from her ovary; the system that produces eggs has to be working at optimum levels; and her hormones must be balanced.[54] For women, problems with fertilisation arise mainly from either structural problems in the Fallopian tube or uterus or problems releasing eggs. Microscopic Technique for Reversal of Vasectomy. (PDF, 3 MB) Surgery, gynecology & obstetrics, 1976. About 10% of reproductive age women are affected by endometriosis. 25 Women with no clear risk of tubal obstruction should be offered hysterosalpingography to screen for tubal occlusion and structural uterine abnormalities. Simultaneous Treatment of the Wife in Infertile Couples with Oligospermia. (PDF, 4 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1983. Thankfully, even when the cause of infertility is not known, various fertility treatments can eventually lead to delivery of a healthy baby.

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Your physician will discuss these approaches to having a baby if appropriate to your particular case. IUI increases the number of the sperm in the fallopian tubes, where fertilization takes place.

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Females[edit] The following causes of infertility may only be found in females. This can damage the ovaries or fallopian tubes and cause fertility problems. 17 Evaluation of male infertility starts with a history and physical examination focusing on previous fertility, pelvic or inguinal surgeries, systemic diseases, and exposures.

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Teratozoospermia is when there are a large number of sperms with abnormal morphology. Illegal drugs: Some women who use marijuana or cocaine may have fertility problems. Other hormones including inhibin B and leptin, may also be affected by obesity. Panhypopituitafism: Complete pituitary gland failure--lowers growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and LH and FSH levels.  Symptoms include:  lethargy, impotence, decreased libido, loss of secondary sex characteristics, and normal or undersized testicles.  Supplementing the missing pituitary hormones may restore vigor and a hormone called hCG may stimulate testosterone and sperm production. In GIFT, the sperm and eggs are mixed together before a doctor inserts them. Gonadotropins can trigger ovulation when Clomid or Serophene don't work. Risk factors for the formation of antisperm antibodies in men include the breakdown of the blood‑testis barrier, trauma and surgery, orchitis, varicocele, infections, prostatitis, testicular cancer, failure of immunosuppression and unprotected receptive anal or oral sex with men.[23][24] Sexually transmitted infections[edit] Infections with the following sexually transmitted pathogens have a negative effect on fertility: Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Maternal age Infertility due to age is one of the most common causes of female infertility. 22 Treatment of Male Infertility Jump to section + Underlying etiology determines the therapeutic course, although male infertility is unexplained in 40% to 50% of cases. If it stays in there, complications can develop, such as the rupture of the fallopian tube. The use of Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa for Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection: The Genetic Implications for Male Infertility. (PDF, 8 MB) Human Reproduction, 1995. However, about one in five cases of infertility has no clear diagnosed cause.[73] In Britain, male factor infertility accounts for 25% of infertile couples, while 25% remain unexplained. This improves the chances that the embryo will implant at, or attach to, the wall of the uterus. There are medications to help increase the chance of getting and keeping an erection. Abnormalities of the uterus like the uterus bicornis, uterus septa or hypoplasia of the uterus less frequently result in contraceptional barriers but can cause miscarriages.