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Endometriosis: Cells that normally occur within the lining of the uterus start growing elsewhere in the body. An ultrasound scan can detect an ectopic pregnancy. Although many of these can be treated through surgery or hormonal substitutions, some may be indefinite.[59] Infertility associated with viable, but immotile sperm may be caused by primary ciliary dyskinesia. A small number of specimens have acceptable original concentrations of motile sperm but poor recoveries with the gradient system.

Less common factors The following other factors may also be responsible for infertility in a smaller proportion of cases: • Genetic abnormalities within eggs, sperm or both • An abnormal uterine cavity, including the presence of fibroids or polyps • Immunological infertility, whereby either the male or female partner produces anti-bodies against sperm cells or implantation of an embryo • Abnormal cervical mucus which hinders the passage of sperm to the uterus and fallopian tubes Unexplained infertility Even when investigations have been extensive, some couples will have no reason with which to explain their infertility. When exercising their judgement, professionals and practitioners are expected to take this guideline fully into account, alongside the individual needs, preferences and values of their patients or the people using their service. The Treatment of Azoospermia with Surgery and ICSI. (PDF, 4 MB) Chapter 10 from Male Fertility & Infertility, 1998.

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CASA measures the following parameters: Curvilinear velocity – The average distance per unit time between successive sperm positions) Straight-line velocity – The speed of forward direction Linearity – The straight-line velocity divided by the curvilinear velocity In addition, the program measures the average path velocity, the amplitude of lateral head displacement, and the flagellar beat frequency, and it is used to evaluate for evidence of hyperactivation. Epididymal and Testicular Spermatozoa and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection. (PDF, 7 MB) Assisted Reproduction Reviews, 1996. Spermatid Conception. (PDF, 1 MB) Human Reproduction, 1998.

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An Azoospermic Man with a do novo Point Mutation in the Y-chromosome Gene USP9Y. (PDF, 381 KB) Nature Genetics, 1999. In this procedure, 5–10 mm diameter instruments (graspers, scissors, clip applier) can be introduced by the surgeon into the abdomen through trocars (hollow tubes with a seal to keep the CO 2 from leaking).

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The number of days in between each period varies each month. Mumps: If this occurs after puberty, inflammation of the testicles may affect sperm production. Abnormal semen may not be able to carry the sperm effectively. Less than 50% motility may significantly affect the ability for sperm to fertilize the egg without therapy; and (4) morphology, or shape – there are three parts of the sperm that are analyzed for morphology: the head, midpeice, and tail. If the woman reaches the age of 40 during treatment, complete the current full cycle but do not offer further full cycles. In women aged 40–42 years who have not conceived after 2 years of regular unprotected intercourse or 12 cycles of artificial insemination (where 6 or more are by intrauterine insemination), offer 1 full cycle of IVF, with or without ICSI. Understanding male infertility: Sex Ed 101 To better understand infertility, here's a refresher course on the birds and the bees. (Anyone caught giggling will have to stay after class.) Sperm are made in the testicles. Those who prefer surgery first argue that because the size of endometriosis decreases, lesions that cannot be observed during surgery may be present; therefore, the operation is less than ideal and is associated with an increased chance for early recurrence. It involves removing eggs from the ovary of a donor who has taken fertility drugs. Benefits of laparoscopy are especially the possibility to simultaneously remove adhesions in one session. Female factor Dysfunction of the female reproductive organs is also apparent in around 40% of infertile couples. Basic Work-up for Infertility It is very important to remember that infertility can occur as a result of one or more male or female factors. Epidemiology[edit] Prevalence of infertility varies depending on the definition, i.e. on the time span involved in the failure to conceive.