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In some cases, they may prevent a fertilised egg attaching itself to the womb, or they may block a fallopian tube. The pathophysiology of the disease is not well understood, but a massive extravascular accumulation of fluid occurs that is associated with a severe depletion of the intravascular volume responsible for dehydration, hemoconcentration, and electrolyte imbalance (ie, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia). [193] Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome can be mild, moderate, or severe. [194] Mild ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is characterized by ovarian enlargement (up to 5-12 cm in diameter), minimal ascites, and weight gain of less than 10 lb. Mittelschmerz and premenstrual symptoms tend to be absent or reduced when a woman is anovulatory. Treatment of Female Infertility: Induction of Ovulation Ovulation induction involves the use of medication to stimulate development of one or more mature follicles in the ovaries of women who have anovulation and thus are infertile. Overweight or obesity: This may reduce the chance of conceiving.

6,23 Anovulatory women should have further investigation to determine treatable causes such as thyroid disorders or hyperprolactinemia based on symptoms. Mental stress: Stress can be a factor, especially if it leads to reduced sexual activity. Under current NHS policies, fertility treatment is only funded for those proven infertile, and those where fertility is unexplained but attempts at conception have failed. Sperm count often returns to normal after stopping the medication. They can be blocked due to numerous causes, including infections,  trauma or abnormal development, such as with cystic fibrosis or similar inherited conditions. The more fetuses there are, the higher the risk of premature labor.

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Most surgical treatment for endometriosis is currently performed through operative laparoscopy. [145, 146, 147] Laparotomy has been relegated to the treatment of severe disease or if a need for hysterectomy arises. [145] Medical treatment Medical treatment is directed toward suppressing estrogen production by the ovary. Ovulation of the egg occurs approximately 2 weeks before the start of the next period. Pregnancy After Testicular Transplant: Importance of Treating the Couple. (PDF, 5 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1980.

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That is why a continuous sonographic control and also lab-medical controls are made. There is still some controversy about their existence, but if the discoveries are true, this could mean a new treatment for infertility.[71] Stem cell therapy is really new, and everything is still under investigation. Pregnancy After Testicular Transplant: Importance of Treating the Couple. (PDF, 5 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1980. Various parameters are measured, such as ejaculate volume and sperm density, quality, motility, and morphology. A defect in any of these sperm structures may result in infertility that will not be detected by semen analysis.[60] Antisperm antibodies cause immune infertility.[23][24] Cystic fibrosis can lead to infertility in men.

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IVF involves removal of eggs directly from the ovary, fertilization with sperm in the laboratory, followed by transfer of the embryos directly into the uterus, thereby bypassing the tubes. Sterilisation involves blocking the fallopian tubes to make it impossible for an egg to travel to the womb. In some cases, simply removing the submucosal fibroid solves infertility. Embryos transfer is performed in the office under abdominal ultrasound guidance using a small, soft, sterile and flexible catheter. To help objectify sperm morphology and therefore enhance the consistency and reproducibility among laboratories, Kruger introduced a definition of "strict criteria" in 1986. BMI (body mass index) may be a significant factor in fertility, as an increase in BMI in the male by as little as three units can be associated with infertility. There may be testicular malformations, hormone imbalance, or blockage of the man's duct system. Histologic endometrial dating is not considered reliable nor is it predictive of fertility.