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Low testosterone (male hypogonadism) and other hormonal problems have a number of possible underlying causes. If you and your partner agree, extra embryos can be frozen and saved to use later. 8  A normal sample according to the 2010 World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines is described in Table 2.

Treatment of the cause: 26. Ovulation disorders: (Hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea) - Women with ovulatory disorders due to hyperprolactinaemia should be offered treatment with dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine. - Consideration should be given to safety for use in pregnancy and minimising cost when prescribing. ED may be the consequence of the conversion of androgens to estradiol.

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Celiac disease A digestive disorder caused by sensitivity to gluten, celiac disease can cause male infertility. Investigations Infertile couples are usually adviced to start their investigations after 12 months of trying to conceive or after 6 months if the female partner is more than 35 years old or immediately if there is an obvious cause for their infertility or subfertility [16].

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Abnormal sperm: The sperm may have an unusual shape, making it harder to move and fertilize an egg. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. (2008).

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These medicines are listed below: sulfasalazine – an anti-inflammatory medicine used to treat conditions such as Crohn's disease and rheumatoid arthritis; sulfasalazine can decrease the number of sperm, but its effects are temporary and your sperm count should return to normal when you stop taking it anabolic steroids – are often used illegally to build muscle and improve athletic performance; long-term abuse of anabolic steroids can reduce sperm count and sperm mobility chemotherapy – medicines used in chemotherapy can sometimes severely reduce sperm production herbal remedies – some herbal remedies, such as root extracts of the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, can affect the production of sperm or reduce the size of your testicles Illegal drugs, such as marijuana and cocaine, can also affect semen quality. Make an appointment with your doctor and go over your concerns. If oligospermia or azoospermia is noted, hypogonadism should be suspected. No difference in the pregnancy rate occurs if a skillful microsurgeon or laparoscopist performs the salpingostomy. Oligospermia is the most frequent cause of male infertility. As they respond to hormones the same way as they would do in the uterus, that is by growing and shedding cyclically, endometriosis can cause both fallopian tube and ovarian scarring. High-cost treatments are out of financial reach for some couples. Birth after Preimplantation Diagnosis of the Cystic Fibrosis F508 Mutation by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Human Embryos Resulting from Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection with Epididymal Sperm. (PDF, 2 MB) The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1994. In 30% of all cases, the cause is in both partners: combined sterility. Hypothyroidism: Low thyroid hormone levels--can cause poor semen quality, poor testicular function and may disturb libido.  May be caused by a diet high in iodine.  Reducing iodine intake or beginning thyroid hormone replacement therapy can elevate sperm count.  This condition is found in only 1 percent of infertile men. If he has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome, as in Klinefelter's syndrome, the testicles will develop abnormally and there will be low testosterone and a low sperm count or no sperm. Men should undergo evaluation with a semen analysis. Recovery of Spermatogenesis after Testicle Autotransplantation in an Adult Male. (PDF, 2 MB) Fertility and Sterility, 1982. Ovulation disorders appear to be the most common cause of infertility in women.